reasons for the adoption of federalism in nigeria pdf

Each document posted on the site includes a link to the corresponding official PDF file on govinfo.gov. In light of this, a constitution is said to be federal when its operates two levels of government, that is the federal and state, and each of this level exercise its different powers without interference by the other level. Mere desire to unite is not enough but there must be the desire to remain separate in respect to other matters. The size of Nigeria is therefore managed and maintained with federalism. Nigeria as a result was divided into three provinces. Levoluzione del federalismo nigeriano tra conflitti etnici e transizioni democratiche. /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] This paper exploits the growth benefits that ICT sector has provided and its impact on the Nigerian economy. Such arrangement would inter alia breed neglect, frustration and aggression; no thanks to the red-tape inherent in unitarism. Consequently, the economic condition was one of the reasons that led to the adoption of federal systems of government in both Nigeria and South Africa. x^[YsF~[-`pys)fk"%J hE;}LO *%gH=zoN/oNS~~zb|\U?_s3jJ}ZxhK2&$9|H-&9)q7"|kxN7i,anHiw>&_N~@bdkBs>gIM>z2|1zFDW+1"y-#HCQJmvj4CW5z,#IwHGc&Y"`Sg|2)FQ& p:?WT hQ4M:*|9tKy?c[U(zqfNBA=XCOf~2i6KC@;DGO? V(B8eDK@sx AK hG~ u;6DV,pwP# _ O4C sR 8_yC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ Power Sharing Formula The states were later increased to 30 states. 1. Also read: Highest paying law firms in Nigeria. This simply means that federalism in Nigeria provides accommodation, an institutional arrangement which gives the component units equal and coordinate jural status. Nigeria is a plural society of over 250 tongues and tribes. Justice Udo Udoma is of the view that regionalism was introduced by the colonialists in order to divide and rule, and weaken true national unity in Nigeria. The proximity of the tongues and tribes in Nigeria made it possible for the adoption of federalism in the country. But before moving to the crux of this article, we will be looking briefly at the meaning and history of federalism in Nigeria. In this article, I will elucidate and discuss with references the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria. In federalism, there is accountability, there is transparency. Identities can be in terms of ethnicity, culture, religion and other differences," she says. It allows for popular participation in politics at every level of government. More so, the colonial masters with the Richards Constitution in 1947 launched Nigeria onto the path of the present federal system of government via the regionalization of the country. Resource control: 3.7 7. Fiscal Federalism and Democratic Governance in Nigeria - I. O. Taiwo 2004 In some areas where major communal or other social antagonism cuts across territorial boundaries, ranging through all the federating units, communities or classes have been driven to seek to protect or strengthen their position by inter-territorial union. 33 The Marriage Act, Laws of the Federation of Nigeria, 1990, sec 18 specifically stipulates: "If either party to an intended marriage, not being a Consent widower or widow, is under twenty-one years of age, the written consent of the father, or if he be dead or of unsound mind or absent from Nigeria, of the mother, or if both be dead or of unsound mind or absent from Nigeria, of the . In the first place, therefore, the contemplation of a federal pact is one of an overwhelming outcome of the emphatic need to handle the above concerns acceptably. In order to examine these issues, this paper adopted qualitative research and intrinsic approach methodology, along with relative deprivation theory. ! In my view, federalism is a good system for Nigeria. Over the years, it is quite obvious that Nigeria is one of the few countries that adopted federal system of Government in Africa, a system that envisages autonomy for every sect of its authorities (federal, state and local government respectively). Multi-Ethnicity Nigeria is a country with a lot of ethnic groups. Further Philosophical Issues 4.1 Sovereignty or federalism 4.2 Issues of Constitutional and Institutional Design 4.3 Sources of Stability 4.4 Division of Power 4.5 Distributive Justice Again, in 1967 twelve states were created to appease the interest of those clamoring for states and weaken the geo-political holds of Biafra. Unfortunately, since the formation of Nigeria and adoption of this system of governance in the country has not seen much effect of federalism. Required fields are marked *. Present Nigeria was formed by the amalgamation of two regions which many see as a big influence in why federalism was later adopted by the British and later on by Nigerian leaders as at the time of independence. The history of Ijaw, Edo, Igala, Yoruba, Igbo, Nupe and Hausa Kingdoms are enriched with social-political relationships that existed before the emergence of the white man. Notwithstanding the above reasons for the adoption of Nigerian federalism, we can also mention some specific factors peculiar to Nigeria. Before the amalgamation of the Northern Protectorate and the Southern Protectorate in 1914, there was nothing like Nigeria. The paper identifies and discusses the problems associated with separatist movements and how they affect national and social security, and argues that while the definition of state failure is contested and therefore Nigeria cannot yet be called a failed state, but certainly a fragile state. This is because federalism is presented as a panacea in organizing distinct political identities under a state. Political culture of Nigeria: 3.4 4. The USA and Canada were formed with the above interest at heart. The contradictions generated by this rigional arrangement threatened Nigeria unity. But besides these three major tribes, there are over 350 other smaller tribes with diverse languages and dialects. Nigeria, a previously unitary state, became a federation in 1954. The fact that these nations chose to adopt a federal system does not prove anything; it does, however, suggest that federalism may help these countries manage the problems that come with ethnic . 19 more states were created in 1976 in order to score more political advantage by the Murtala-Obasanjo regime against those that favor General Yakubu Gowon. Federalism is a type of government in which the sovereign authority of political power is usually divided between two units. SjHw`d"*z;3N&W3k]:}N\t+5 (Nw3hW"T"aDV$V e. %PDF-1.5 Biafrans who are geographically in the South and SouthEast of Ni-geria feel and believe that their economic and developmental prowess are not well represented in the Nigerian state, and this lack of representation leads to marginalization. 3. This paper consequently argues that the anxiety as well as angst attributable to this agitation has the tendencies of not only disrupting the relative-peace presently enjoyed by the various groups, but is also, if not controlled, capable of plunging the country into a state of economic comatose and perpetual fragility. Moreover, Post-independence creation of states and further division of states created after independence was done as a framework for the development of Nigeria. Federalism will shape the long-term health and economic impacts of COVID-19, including plans for the future, for at least two reasons: First, federalism exacerbates inequities, as some states have a history of underinvesting in social programs, especially in certain communities. Federalism is a defined or is said to be the system where powers are shared between central and regional governments so that each is in a sphere coordinate and are independent. Many Nigerian ethnic groups began to agitate for their own states. History of federal system of government in nigeria. It was believed that federal system of government would take care of the interest of the minority and human rights that had been the fear of the minority under colonial rule. In a Unitary system, the minority states cannot govern the entire region which is controlled by majority. This particular corroborated federalism in Nigeria. Federalism in India. This research work x-rayed federalism in Nigeria as the only basis upon which Nigeria can remain united despite its diversity and peculiar conditions in which the different tribal groups live in and proffers solutions to the challenges of the practice of . After nearly three decades of cumulative military rule, the country returned to civilian governance in 1999 under a presidential system of government. It is believed by many that this was one of the reasons why Nigeria adopted a federalist system. From the onset, Nigeria, like most of her federating peers, has faced one major challenge in the course of her political voyage - the crisis of who is who. Ordinarily and without much logicality, by who is who, one means the problematic and destructive component of identity. Federal System of Government/Federalism | Week 8. To learn more, view ourPrivacy Policy. Nigeria and Ghana can not easily form a country chiefly because they are not geographically contiguous. Critically, after that train, every other train went to Nigeria from Nigeria, indicating the enormity of the wall of enmity demarcating Nigeria from the sovereign State of Biafra. There are other political systems the country could have adopted but because of some reasons which I am going to share with you today, federalism seemed to be the best idea. Abacha regime, added more states making Nigeria a federation of 36 states and Federal capital Territory at Abuja. 6 0 obj By the time Nigeria became a republic, the system of federalism was adopted and the country was considered as a federation of three regions. 74 . Besides this desire, there was also the presence of certain socio-economic conditions (Babalola, 2013 . So for effective governance of a country of this big size, federalism has to be adopted. The benefits of federalism are that it can encourage political participation, give states an incentive to engage in policy innovation, and accommodate diverse viewpoints across the country. 2023, Bscholarly LLC. Since Nigeria is a heterogeneous nation and Federalism is more practicable in such kind of nation, it is an ideal system of government. In 1954, the Nigerian founding fathers opted for a federal system of government despite its inherent challenges in a pluralistic society. politicization of ethnicity or the ethnicization of the politics of state creation that Nigeria has witnessed in recent years. ICT services have help in the improvement of the markets, reduction in transaction costs and increase . These maladies have led to a renewal of the call for secession by the South-Eastern ethnic group of Nigeria for a Republic of Biafra, on the basis that they are being short-changed in the political cum socio-economic largess accumulating from the Centre. This duplicity of government is not alien to a federal structure as identified, except that in the Nigerian case, there is ineffable strife for dominance. Your email address will not be published. The Emergence of Nigeria as a political entity under colonial rule was not an easy affair. The Plural nature of Nigeria: Nigeria is a plural society of over 250 tongues and tribes. This is because most of the power (financial and. Also, the adoption of the Littleton constitution of 1954 laid further credence to . Dual federalism was dominant from the 1790s until the 1930s. Nigeria is quite a big country with an area of 923,768 km2. It was under the 1954 constitution that federal system of government was fully adopted. Federalism as said earlier decentralizes power. In 1963 Midwestern region was created and Nigeria became a nation of four regions. No doubt, the Ethnic, Religious and Geographical nature of Nigeria also contributed to the reason why federalism was adopted. The post war efforts for disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of the Igbo secessionist into the post-civil war Nigeria through the (3Rs) policy of rehabilitation, reconstruction and reconciliation (the 3Rs) to promote national unity and nationalism have failed to yield desire result.

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