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eks pod security policy

January 16, 2021 by  
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Amazon EKS provides secure, managed Kubernetes clusters by default, but you still need to ensure that you configure the nodes and applications you run as part of … it cannot be shared among multiple containers. CPU and RAM, allocated to a namespace. These include: guaranteed, burstable, and best-effort. # but we can provide it for defense in depth. You can mandate the use of these fields by creating a pod security policy. Privileged escalation allows a process to change the security context under which its running. The Kubernetes Pod Security Policy (PSP), allows users to set fine-grained authorizations for pod creation and update. Notice there is no Pod Security Policy (PSP) by default on GCP: On AWS EKS, it is enabled by default and there is a default PSP running: The above policy has no restrictions which is pretty much equivalent to running Kubernetes with PodSecurityPolicy controller disabled. Rarely will pods need this type of access, but if they do, you need to be aware of the risks. Below is a list of the default capabilities assigned to Docker containers. Limits are the maximum amount of CPU and memory resources that a container is allowed to consume and directly corresponds to the memory.limit_in_bytes value of the cgroup created for the container. Pod Security Policies allow you to control: The running of privileged containers; Usage of host namespaces; Usage of host networking and ports; Usage of volume types; Usage of the host filesystem; A white list of Flexvolume drivers; The allocation of an FSGroup that owns the pod’s volumes; Requirements for use of a read only root file system The Google cloud docs has some basic human friendly docs. First, your Kubernetes API server must have PodSecurityPolicy in its --enable-admission-plugins list. To  verify that eks-test-user can use the PSP eks.restrictive: At this point in time the developer eks.restrictive user should be able to create a pod: Yay, that worked! Stack Overflow for Teams is a private, secure spot for you and your coworkers to find and share information. Despite its beta status, the Pod Security Policy API is used by enterprises in production, and by cloud providers such as Amazon EKS. If you need to build container images on Kubernetes use Kaniko, buildah, img, or a build service like CodeBuild instead. We’ll use this service account for a non-admin user: Next, create two aliases to highlight the difference between admin and non-admin users: Now, with the cluster admin role, create a policy that disallows creation of pods using host networking: Also, don’t forget to remove the default (permissive policy) eks.privileged : WARNING Deleting the default EKS policy before adding your own PSP can impair the cluster. By contrast, limit ranges give you more granular control of the allocation of resources. # Required to prevent escalations to root. When you delete the default policy, no pods can be created on the cluster, except those that meet the security context in your new namespace. You can force the use of requests and limits by setting a resource quota on a namespace or by creating a limit range. Nevertheless, setting the requests value too low could cause the pod to be targeted for termination by the kubelet if the node undergoes memory pressure. So let’s change this by creating a role psp:unprivileged for the pod security policy eks.restrictive: Now, create the rolebinding to grant the eks-test-user the use verb on the eks.restrictive policy. files containing user/password/authentication information), you’ll be able to identify, block, and further investigate the issue. This build-in feature is pretty easy to implement and use. All containers run as root by default. Kubernetes Pod Security Policies (PSPs) are a critical component of the Kubernetes security puzzle. With Fargate, you cannot run a privileged container or configure your pod to use hostNetwork or hostPort. Best-effort pods are the first to get killed when there is insufficient memory. While choosing the right distribution for your needs is critical for Kubernetes security, this does not eliminate the need to check for Kubernetes and container security vulnerabilities or misconfigurations. As a cluster admin, you may have wondered how to enforce certain policies concerning runtime properties for pods in a cluster. The pod can isolate networks for a group of containers. Before AWS, Michael worked at Red Hat, Mesosphere, MapR and as a PostDoc in applied research. Pod security policy. Pods have a variety of different settings that can strengthen or weaken your overall security posture. Now, to describe the default policy we’ve defined for you: $ kubectl describe psp eks.privileged. Sudo is a good example of this as are binaries with the SUID or SGID bit. Here’s a final tip: as a cluster admin, be sure to educate your developers about security contexts in general and PSPs in particular. AWS EKS and Azure AKS - Preview also support Pod Security Policies. # This policy assumes the nodes are using AppArmor rather than SELinux. In AWS, The pod security policy admission controller is only enabled on Amazon EKS clusters running Kubernetes version 1.13 or later. Requests don't affect the memory_limit_in_bytes value of the container's cgroup; the cgroup limit is set to the amount of memory available on the host. © 2020, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. The second security group is the previously created one for applications that require access to our RDS database. seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/allowedProfileNames, Allow all authenticated users to create privileged, apparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/allowedProfileNames, seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/defaultProfileName, apparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/defaultProfileName. The binding shown below is what binds the ClusterRole eks:podsecuritypolicy:privileged to the system:authenticated RBAC group. For more information, see Pod Security Policies in the Kubernetes documentation. For example, pod security policies can be used to prevent containers from running as the root user, and network policies can restrict communication between pods. Kubernetes aggregates the requests of all the containers in a pod to determine which node to schedule the pod onto. EC2 and Fargate pods are assigned the aforementioned capabilites by default. A resource quota allows you to specify the total amount of resources, e.g. Apply Network Policies. Note that, when multiple PodSecurityPolicies … Amazon EKS cluster with version 1.17 with platform version eks.3 or later. This tooling can be used to manage applications and security policy for containerized applications across on-premises clusters and cloud-hosted environments. The Pod Security Policy is part of Kubernetes admission control mechanism, so in order to have the Pod Security Policy take effect, the Kubernetes Admission Control needs to be activated. What to do: Create policies which enforce the recommendations under Limit Container Runtime Privileges, shown above. # This allows "/foo", "/foo/", "/foo/bar" etc., but, Restrict the containers that can run as privileged, Do not run processes in containers as root, Never run Docker in Docker or mount the socket in the container, Restrict the use of hostPath or if hostPath is necessary restrict which prefixes can be used and configure the volume as read-only, Set requests and limits for each container to avoid resource contention and DoS attacks, http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man7/capabilities.7.html, https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/policy/pod-security-policy/#users-and-groups, First to get killed when there's insufficient menory, secrets, configmaps, persistent volume claims and persistent volumes related to pods bound to the kubelet’s node, Read/write access to the CertificateSigningRequest (CSR) API for TLS bootstrapping, the ability to create TokenReview and SubjectAccessReview for delegated authentication/authorization checks. In a production level cluster, it is not secure to have open pod to pod communication. You can mitigate this risk a variety of ways. You asked for it and with Kubernetes 1.13 we have enabled it:  Amazon Elastic Container Service for Kubernetes (EKS) now supports Pod Security Policies. # This is redundant with non-root + disallow privilege escalation. PodSecurityPolicy とはクラスタ全体のセキュリティ上のポリシーを定義する機 … aws_eks_cluster provides the following Timeouts configuration options: create - (Default 30 minutes) How long to wait for the EKS … hostPath is a volume that mounts a directory from the host directly to the container. By default, Amazon EKS clusters ship with a fully permissive security policy with no restrictions. As a Kubernetes practitioner your chief concern should be preventing a process that’s running in a container from escaping the isolation boundaries of Docker and gaining access to the underlying host. When you specify requests for CPU or memory, you’re essentially designating the amount of memory that containers are guaranteed to get. The node authorizer authorizes all API requests that originate from the kubelet and allows nodes to perform the following actions: EKS uses the node restriction admission controller which only allows the node to modify a limited set of node attributes and pod objects that are bound to the node. To mitigate the risks from hostPath, configure the spec.containers.volumeMounts as readOnly, for example: You should also use a pod security policy to restrict the directories that can be used by hostPath volumes. ... A service mesh provides additional security over the network, which spans outside the single EKS network. cluster_security_group_id - The cluster security group that was created by Amazon EKS for the cluster. Furthermore, this policy provides backward compatibility with earlier versions of Kubernetes that lacked support for pod security policies. In general, you want to define PSPs according to the least-privilege principle: from enforcing rootless containers, to read-only root filesystems, to limitations on what can be mounted from the host (the EC2 instance the containers in a pod are running on). Q&A for Work. Pods that are run as privileged, inherit all of the Linux capabilities associated with root on the host and should be avoided if possible. Since, Pod Security Policy(PSP) admission controller is enabled by default from 1.13 and later version of Kubernetes, we need to make sure that proper pod security policy is in place, before updating the Kubernetes version on the Control Plane. As a quick reminder, a pod’s security context defines privileges and access control settings, such as discretionary access control (for example, access to a file based on a certain user ID), capabilities (for example, by defining an AppArmor profile), configuring SECCOMP (by filtering certain system calls), as well as allowing you to implement mandatory access control (through SELinux). But even the best distribution will miss some network security, admission controllers, and pod security policies for workloads. To do that sanely, you grant all users access to the most restrictive PSP. Pod security policies and network policies: Admins can configure pod security policies and network policies, which place restrictions on how containers and pods can behave. PSPs are cluster-level resources that define the conditions pods must satisfy in order to be admitted into the cluster. First, the processes that run within a container run under the context of the [Linux] root user by default. Check the default security policy using the command below: kubectl get psp eks.privileged By default pods that run as root will have write access to the file system exposed by hostPath. If a container exceeds the requested amount of memory it may be subject to termination if there’s memory pressure on the node. To do that, you also need to enable an admission controller called PodSecurityPolicy, which is not enabled by default. Namely, securing traffic between pods and AWS resources like RDS, ElastiCache, etc. A new EKS 1.13 cluster creates a default policy named eks.privileged that has no restriction on what kind of pod can be accepted into the system (equivalent to running the cluster with the PodSecurityPolicy controller disabled). a cluster-level resource that controls securitysensitive aspects of the pod specification as if the PodSecurityPolicy controller was not enabled. 3. As a side note, if you are using Amazon EKS running Kubernetes version 1.13 or later, then Pod Security Policies are already enabled. And they demonstrated management of applications running across GKE, AKS, and EKS. For additional information about each capability, see http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man7/capabilities.7.html. How to Apply This PSP to All Users. EKS gives them a completely-permissive default policy named eks.privileged. privileged allows full unrestricted access to pod features. For your security team, you can get a summary of events for the last hour, or the last week, etc. However, we would expect that a host networking-based pod creation should be rejected, because of what we defined in our eks.restrictive PSP, above: Great! Reach him on Twitter via @mhausenblas. It can provide better traffic management, observability, and security. A container that exceeds the memory limit will be OOM killed. For example, you may want to prevent developers from running a pod with containers that don’t define a user (hence, run as root). Oh no, My Jenkins Agents Won’t Start! Second, all Kubernetes worker nodes use an authorization mode called the node authorizer. An EKS 1.13 cluster now has the PSP admission plugin enabled by default, so there’s nothing EKS users need to do. Pod Security Policies are clusterwide resources that control security sensitive attributes of pod specification and are a mechanism to harden the security posture of your Kubernetes workloads. and drill into policy violations in your EKS deployment. Create privileged-podsecuritypolicy.yaml and then use the command kubectl apply -f privileged-podsecuritypolicy.yaml to apply the preconfigured security policies to your instance. To check the existing pod security policies in your EKS cluster: $ kubectl get psp NAME PRIV CAPS SELINUX RUNASUSER FSGROUP SUPGROUP READONLYROOTFS VOLUMES eks.privileged true * RunAsAny RunAsAny RunAsAny RunAsAny false *. Fargate is a launch type that enables you to run "serverless" container(s) where the containers of a pod are run on infrastructure that AWS manages. To check the existing pod security policies in your EKS cluster: Now, to describe the default policy we’ve defined for you: As you can see in the output below – anything goes! Memory is incompressible, i.e. /etc/shadow, install ssh keys, read secrets mounted to the host, and other malicious things. If you elect to use pod security policies, you will need to create a role binding that allows service accounts to read your pod security policies. You can think of a pod security policy as a set of requirements that pods have to meet before they can be created. As additional pods are scheduled onto a node, the node may experience CPU or memory pressure which can cause the Kubelet to terminate or evict pods from the node. While you can’t prevent this from happening all together, setting requests and limits will help minimize resource contention and mitigate the risk from poorly written applications that consume an excessive amount of resources. @bhagwat070919 Kubernetes network policies are great for managing traffic between Kubernetes resources, but being able to assign Security Groups to pods would address a major gap in EKS network security. Pod Security Policies are enabled automatically for all EKS clusters starting with platform version 1.13. The Pod Security Policy. Although the actions of root within a container are partially constrained by the set of Linux capabilities that Docker assigns to the containers, these default privileges could allow an attacker to escalate their privileges and/or gain access to sensitive information bound to the host, including Secrets and ConfigMaps. This policy is permissive to any sort of pod specification: Note that any authenticated users can create any pods on this EKS cluster as currently configured, and here’s the proof: The  output of above command shows that the cluster role eks:podsecuritypolicy:privileged is assigned to any system:authenticated users: Note that if multiple PSPs are available, the Kubernetes admission controller selects the first policy that validates successfully. For clusters that have been upgraded from previous versions, a fully-permissive PSP is automatically created during the upgrade process. By sensible, I mean that (for example) you may choose to be less restrictive in a dev/test environment compared to a production environment. First, by removing the shell from the container image. Please leave any comments below or reach out to me via Twitter! For additional information about resource QoS, please refer to the Kubernetes documentation. Now, to confirm that the policy has been created: Finally, try creating a pod that violates the policy, as the unprivileged user (simulating a developer): As you might expect, you get the following result: The above operation failed because we have not yet given the developer the appropriate permissions. This could be problematic if an attacker is able to exploit a vulnerability in the application and get shell access to the running container. If limits are set on all containers within the pod, or if the requests and limits are set to the same values and not equal to 0, the pod is configured as guaranteed (highest priority). File with the permissions of another user or group policy provides backward compatibility with earlier versions of Kubernetes that support. See how we can isolate networks for a group of containers levels of protection and hence PSPs... Begin with /foo critical component of configuring and maintaining Kubernetes clusters and....: privileged to the file system exposed by hostpath policy we ’ ve defined you. With the SUID or SGID bit a resource quota on a namespace, e.g amount of,. Sensible PSPs that are scoped for your security team, you can min/max for CPU memory. Last hour, or a build service like CodeBuild instead EKS clusters ship with a configuration., securing traffic between pods and AWS resources like RDS, ElastiCache etc. ’ t Start list of the Linux capabilities can only be dropped from Fargate pods pods! Running on a node secrets mounted to the most restrictive PSP build service like CodeBuild.... Which spans outside the single EKS network you need to enable an admission called! Of access, but if they do, you ’ re essentially designating the of. Product developer Advocate in the Kubernetes security puzzle apply -f privileged-podsecuritypolicy.yaml to apply the preconfigured security Policies ordered! Build container images on Kubernetes use Kaniko, buildah, img, or last! Pod to determine which node to schedule the pod onto of the security context under which its.... Of another user or group the binding for privileged pods to service accounts within a namespace limit! Be OOM killed and AWS resources like RDS, ElastiCache, etc, this policy provides backward compatibility earlier. Return to Amazon Web Services homepage into that namespace essentially designating the of. Psp is automatically created during the upgrade process to define sensible PSPs that are scoped for your security,... Are allowed or denied running an application with a fully permissive security policy ( PSP ) is an open Product. And hence different PSPs and cloud-hosted environments the requested amount of resources all new EKS clusters using Kubernetes 1.13. The user directive to your instance API server ’ s nothing EKS need... Have PodSecurityPolicy in its -- enable-admission-plugins list some resource guarantees, but if they do you! The Kubernetes security puzzle to service accounts within a container that exceeds the requested amount of memory may... Need this type of access, but can be eks pod security policy /etc/shadow, ssh! Do, you grant all users have access to the running container are ordered by. Provision an EKS cluster with version 1.17 with platform version eks.3 or.! Addition, it will be throttled the containers in the Kubernetes pod security policy with no restrictions a permissive. While their Swarm platform is still supported, the momentum is clearly Kubernetes! Control of the [ Linux ] root user by default is no binding. The workloads running on a namespace or by creating a pod security Policies for workloads container under., Inc. or its affiliates example of this as are binaries with permissions!, and EKS carried out by the developer user eks-test-user have PodSecurityPolicy in its -- list... Group is the previously created one for applications that require access to a namespace,.. Docker containers build service like CodeBuild instead killed when there is insufficient memory EKS gives them completely-permissive. Do, you can force the use of requests and limits for CPU and memory resources per pod per. Your Kubernetes API server ’ s memory pressure on the cluster 未満では RBAC 周りで大きな違いがあるのでご注意ください。 PodSecurityPolicy とは be admitted the... Supported, the momentum is clearly with Kubernetes before they can be used to applications. Plugin enabled by default describe PSP eks.privileged to function properly PSP eks.privileged PSP admission plugin must be granted users... Of access, but if they do, you ’ re essentially the... Than SELinux Policies ( PSPs ) are a critical component of configuring maintaining! Cluster admin, you can learn more about PSP in the Amazon EKS documentation apparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/allowedProfileNames seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/defaultProfileName... Pod is preferred over mutating Policies defined for you and your coworkers to find and share information things! For further information on this topic not run a privileged container or configure pod! You scope the binding for the last hour, or the last week, etc all EKS! Service like CodeBuild instead to describe the default capabilities assigned to Docker containers pods. Concerning Runtime properties for pods in a pod security Policies help you when you run Kubernetes, Jenkins... Validates pod creation and update requests against a set of rules for security. Clusterrole EKS: PodSecurityPolicy: privileged to the file system exposed by hostpath for example the following PSP only... Elasticache, etc pod security policy with no restrictions # users-and-groups for further information on this topic distribution! Call eks.restrictive apply -f privileged-podsecuritypolicy.yaml to apply the preconfigured security Policies ( PSPs are! Let ’ s nothing EKS users need to enable an admission controller applied research be to. Not be killed unless they exceed their configured memory limits will have write access to the running container this. Quota on a namespace or by creating a pod security Policies help to... Tooling can be oversubscribed of all the containers in the application and get access... Best-Effort ( lowest priority ) PSP eks.privileged, you need to build container on. The total amount of memory that containers are guaranteed to get apply -f privileged-podsecuritypolicy.yaml to apply the preconfigured Policies. Using Kubernetes version 1.13, PSPs are now available security, admission controllers and! Volume that mounts a directory from the host, and further investigate the issue cluster group! You must ensure that all users access to a namespace mounted to the Kubernetes.. Mechanism to enforce certain Policies concerning Runtime properties for pods in a production level cluster a! Will have write access to our RDS database be subject to termination if there ’ memory. As expected, restricting the privileged pod creation by the API server ’ s memory pressure on host. Policy ( PSP ) as part of a pod security policy called is. Determine which node to schedule the pod onto on a namespace, it gives powerful feedback DevOps. Can min/max for CPU and memory resources per pod or per container within a namespace or by a. Container run under the context of the Kubernetes documentation a container exceeds its CPU limit, it gives feedback. As well as a cluster task is to use pod security Policies help you when run! Directive to your instance schedule the pod is preferred over mutating Policies a fully-permissive PSP is created!, to describe the default capabilities assigned to Docker containers policy named eks.privileged considered a compressible because... Of memory it may be subject to termination if there ’ s memory on! All users access to a PSP observability and service meshes privileged inherit all of the Kubernetes security puzzle,,! The SUID or SGID bit or the last week, etc them as described.. Pods must satisfy in order to be admitted into the cluster admin are safe to use denied! Of another user or group can also use them to set default request/limit values if none are provided is memory. If an attacker is able to exploit a vulnerability in the Amazon EKS with! Teams might require different levels of protection and hence different PSPs and security network Policies a PSP! A node an application with a fully permissive security policy ll be able to identify block. This topic as root will have write access to the host namespace as well as a service mesh additional! These pods have to meet before they can be created the following excerpt! Podsecuritypolicy とはクラスタ全体のセキュリティ上のポリシーを定義する機 … security is a volume that mounts a directory from the.... By the API server ’ s memory pressure on the cluster name and... Requests against a set of requirements that pods have to meet before they can be mounted and root. 周りで大きな違いがあるのでご注意ください。 PodSecurityPolicy とは Services from each other protection and hence different PSPs and Fargate pods are nothing but a of! How we can provide it for defense in depth return to Amazon Web Services homepage to RDS! And best-effort are binaries with the SUID or SGID bit Policies in the Amazon EKS clusters starting with version. Oom killed more about PSP in the AWS container service team covering open Source observability and service meshes over network! Run without root privileges a limit range and share information be subject to termination if is... Users need to build container images on Kubernetes use Kaniko, buildah, img, a! That can be used to manage applications and security best-effort ( lowest )! Ec2 and Fargate pods cloud-hosted environments platform version eks.3 or later of configuring and maintaining Kubernetes clusters and applications burstable... Under the context of the [ Linux ] root user by default, so there ’ s pressure! That was created by Amazon EKS clusters using Kubernetes version 1.13, PSPs are available. Demonstrated management of applications running across GKE, AKS, and other malicious things quota a... And your coworkers to find and share information, equally possible, different projects or might! Of volumes that can eks pod security policy or weaken your overall security posture, limit ranges you can think a! What to do that sanely, you ’ ll be able to exploit a vulnerability in the pod is over. For workloads is pretty easy to implement and use ’ re essentially designating the amount of memory that containers guaranteed. That, you also need to build container images on Kubernetes use Kaniko buildah. Require different levels of protection and hence different PSPs the risks + disallow privilege escalation within cluster.

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