when to cut barley for hay

Lovegrove, M. B. ; Wheeler, R. D., 2008. Technol., 63 (1-4): 89-98. Forage yield, quality and nitrate concentration of barley grown under irrigation. Late heavy grazing, rather than continuous grazing, appeared to benefit forage yield, but it had deleterious effect on grain production (Lovegrove et al., 2008). However, if you want more sugar in your hay OMAFRA suggests cutting hat later in the day. Effect of fiber source on cecal fermentation and nitrogen recycled through cecotrophy in rabbits. Whole crop barley silage can be used by beef calves or rams supplemented with grain. This may be so in some situations but seeding rate, species selection and seasonal affects greatly affect the outcome. Selecting new barley varieties based on low NO3-N potential is possible (Surber et al., 2011). Biol., 145 (1): 77-80, Ditsch, D. C. ; Bitzer, M. J., 2005. For dry beef cows, hay yield can be increased substantially by waiting until early milk stage of the grain. West. Anim. Influence of whole-plant barley reconstituted with sodium hydroxide on digestibility, rumen fluid and plasma metabolism of sheep. Thanks wally b Effect of untreated or chemically upgraded barley straw with highly digestbile grass-silage on intake and performance of lactating cows. After another cutting, let the clover over winter either as a legume cover crop for corn the following year, or a spring clover hay or haylage cutting can be made. Moisture at harvest should be 25 to 30 percent, with higher moisture levels possible, but kernel fill may not be complete. Forage barley is prone to nitrate accumulation that can lead to nitrate toxicity in animals that can result in death. “But it must be cut … Wild barley as a source of genes for crop improvement. Molecular Breeding, 28 (2): 189-200, Todd, A. L. ; Bowman, J. P. G. ; Surber, L. M. M. ; Thompson, M. A. ; Kincheloe, J. J. ; McDonnell, M. F. ; Hensleigh, P. F., 2003. Anim. There were significant differences in nutrient composition from the late-milk stage to the hard-dough stage, but very little chan… Cut a little and test it with a handheld hay moisture meter for accuracy. Government of Alberta, Agriculture and Rural Developement, Canada, Morales, M. A. ; Fuente, B. ; Juárez, M. ; Ávila, E., 2009. Annali dell'Istituto Sperimentale per la Zootecnia, 10 (2): 201-212, Auxilia, M. T. ; Masoero, G. ; Costantini, F., 1978. Lund, P. ; Weisbjerg, M. R. ; Hvelplund, T., 2006. Target DM content for ensiling forage cereals at flag leaf-boot/early ear emergence, Table 2. Animal Husbandry Research and Training Institute, Baghdad (Iraq), Garcia, J. ; Carabaño, R. ; Perez Alba, L. ; de Blas, C., 2000. World Rabbit Science, 17 (1): 35-38, Mustafa, A. F. ; Christensen, D. A. ; McKinnon, J. J., 2000. Archaic. It is less winter hardy than wheat or rye. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Fauconneau, G. ; Pion, R., 1965. Pigs can be fed on forage when they are progressively introduced to it. Feed Sci. Spraying a commercial xylanase and cellulose on barley silage may slightly improve average daily gain and feed efficiency in feedlot cattle fed high, 80%, barley silage diets (McAllister et al., 1999). Turk. Anim. Coniglicoltura, 23 (6): 42-45, GRDC, 2011. Cutting Barley for Hay Topics: Agriculture Community and Extension Subjects: Barley Farm equipment Field crops Original Format: Black and white print (photograph) Item identifier: ua023_007-007-bx0025-009-067 Created Date: 1940-10 Location: Person County (N.C.) … Higher starch and lower NDF contents have been reported in some whole crop silages (29 and 47% respectively in Ireland; Walsh et al., 2008). A. ; de Vega, A., 1995. The protein and NDF content of barley forage vary only slightly between flowering and the dough stage, decreasing from 12 to 9% DM for protein, 63 to 56% DM for NDF (INRA, 2007). Urea and citrus by-product supplementation of straw-based diets for goats: effect on barley straw digestibility. Feed Sci. Winter or spring barley crops seem to be widely grazed by wild rabbits (Bell et al., 1998; Dendy et al., 2004), which demonstrates that green barley plants are palatable for rabbits. Forage crops - Winter. When barley forage is cut for hay at the milky stage, NO3-N levels are not higher than 0.14%, which is a safe level for livestock (Cash et al., 2008; Surber et al., 2003). Effect of ammonia treatment and carbohydrate supplementation on the intake and digestbility of barley straw diets by sheep. Agric. It is best not to allow barley to fill grain beyond this point. Treatment of barley straw with ammonia or urea solutions and digestibility of its structural carbohydrate fractions in sheep. J., 96 (3): 677-684, Cash, D. ; Funston, R. ; King, M. ; Wichman, D., 2002. Harvesting at heading also allows increased starch at the expense of NDF (32 and 44% respectively). Trop. Madrid, J. ; Hernández, F. ; Pulgar, M. A. ; Cid, J. M., 1997. Failure to do this can result in excessive heating and nutrient losses (Helm et al., 2002). In beef cattle, 15-20% silage is required to prevent digestive diseases with barley-based diets (Koenig et al., 2003), or barley + DDGS diets (wheat dried distillers grains with solubles) (Li et al., 2011). Sci., 31 (5): 297-302, Candlish, E. ; Clark, K. W. ; Ingalls, J. R., 1973. This is mainly related to the weather implications for follow-up crops or pastures such as the ability to prepare paddocks for sowing and weed control if taken off early. J. Anim. Options Méditerranéennes, 34: 37-41, Chow, L. O. ; Baron, V. S. ; Corbett, R. ; Oba, M., 2008. Two of these are: Forage cereals in the vegetative-boot stages of growth have high buffering capacities — they are 'reluctant' to produce desirable levels of lactic acid for a successful silage fermentation. Treatment of winter barley straw with NaOH greatly increased its digestibility, and improved forage intake and milk yield in dairy cows fed grass silage + barley straw diets (Phipps et al., 1990). Feeding value of cereal straw in sheep. Research has shown that the optimum time for cutting oaten hay is at the watery … A further advantage of barley hay for ranchers is its excellent fit as a rotation crop with … Technol., 26 (1-2): 105-118, Carr, P. M. ; Horsley, R. D. ; Poland, W. W., 2003. To optimize both dry matter and nutrient yield, barley is typically harvested for silage at the mid- to late-dough stage. They may catch in a horse’s teeth or cause small oral … At a similar stage (late-dough) for silage making, delaying the planting date (June vs. May) induces a higher in vitro NDF digestibility and protein content (Chow et al., 2008), but this does not affect intake and milk production in cows at mid to late lactation, whereas it tended to improve LW gain. Phytoextraction of zinc by oat (. & Food Syst., 23 (1): 3-12, Helm, J. H. ; Salmon, D. F., 2002. Intercropping barley with a legume improves the nutritive value by increasing the DM and protein content of the forage compared to the cereal crop alone (Eskandari et al., 2009). Small Rumin. It should be cut early (milky stage) to make hay. It can be offered as the sole roughage during winter provided it is adequately supplemented (Hamilton, 2010). After flowering the grain begins to form. Comparable values are reported for silage: from 59% at the milk-dough stage (about 35% DM) (INRA, 2007) to 64-67% at 35-40% DM (Candlish et al., 1973). However this is difficult when cutting very heavy cereal crops, especially since autumn and winter sown crops will be reaching these stages in late September and early October. Barley benefits from grazing. Effect of barley varieties harvested for forage on backgrounding steer performance and diet digestibility. Cut wheat for hay while it is in the boot to very early head-emergence growth stage if the hay will be fed to calves or other livestock needing relatively high nutrient density for optimal performance. Oaten hay has been available for many years and while it has not been producing feed test results as good as wheat or barley, it is an exceptional product and can be … When we put grain hay up, we try to cut it before the kernal starts to devolop. For this silage winter and summer varieties are used, sometimes sown in combination with a fast-growing grass variety. rations. 298, Wallsten, J. ; Martinsson, K., 2009. If forage cereals are harvested below the recommended DM levels — the material undergoes a less efficient and less desirable fermentation. Hay and Pasture Crops. Handbook of Energy Crops. “For optimum wheat hay, you have to wait until it heads out of the boot stage,” says Gard, whose father, Gene, helps with hay harvest during crunch time. Ecological Agricultural Projects, McGill University, AGRO-BIO - 370 - 06, Ebbs, S. D. ; Kochian, L. V., 1998. Nitrate toxicity of Montana forages. The grain of any of these plants, used as food and fodder. Research to date indicates that although yield does increase substantially with crop maturity, there is generally a decrease in energy and protein and an increase in fibre levels. Barley forage was found to contain 0.23% NO3-N at the boot stage (Cash et al., 2002). Pasture and harvest in pig farming. This causes some loss of nutritive value, may result in some effluent production and produces a less palatable silage, all of which will reduce animal production to varying degrees. Note: use of hydroponic barley grass for growing rabbits in family production system. Anim. Because of its good carbohydrate content, barley is easy to ensile, and with a rapid fall in pH produces a good quality silage (Helm et al., 2002; Aasen, 2000). Alimentation des bovins, ovins et caprins. Proceedings of 14th Agronomy Conference 2008, 21-25 September 2008, Adelaide, South Australia. The action of barley straw will not be as rapid as chemical treatments like copper sulfate. Using barley straw in ponds is not known to cause harm to people or to any higher plants or animals. Barley silage intake can be substantially increased to 2.5% of LW in dairy cows supplemented with concentrate at 1% LW in early or mid-lactation (Lund et al., 2006). Harvesting later in the soft dough stage may result in a lack of soil moisture or miss out on follow up rains for the follow up crops. Not. Until the late 1990s, forage barley varieties had rarely been selected for improved forage quality and variety selection was based solely upon yield and other agronomic characteristics (Surber et al., 2011). Sci., 53 (3): 519-525, Capper, B. S. ; Thomson, E. F. ; Rihawi, S, 1989. Lodging is not usually a problem. Tables Inra 2007. However, it does not provide as much dry matter as rye forage (for instance) during autumn and winter and it cannot be grazed heavily. In early mid spring in the dairying areas of south eastern Australia — the weather is rarely hot, often being warm only, often cloudy, and sometimes even foggy. Barley hay yields declined for every day of planting after April 20 The effects of planting time and combination on the nutrient composition and digestible dry matter yield of four mixtures of vetch varieties intercropped with barley. Montana State University Extension Service. Farmers can feed the oat hay … Plant hay barley early. However this is difficult when cutting very heavy cereal crops, especially since autumn and winter sown crops will be reaching these stages in late September and early October. 3rd World Rabbit Congress, Rome, 1: 339-346, Rogerson, A., 1956. Italian J. Hordeum distichon L., Hordeum hexastichon L. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is a major cereal crop primarily grown for its grain, but it also yields valuable forage that can be grazed, cut for hay or silage while still green, or cut after grain harvest as straw (Duke, 1983; Göhl, 1982). Intake, digestibility, rumen fermentation and performance of beef cattle fed diets based on whole-crop wheat or barley harvested at two cutting heights relative to maize silage or, Walsh, K. ; O'Kiely, P. ; Taweel, H. Z. ; McGee, M. ; Moloney, A. P. ; Boland, T. M., 2009. Technol., 128 (3-4): 229-252, Madrid, J. ; Hernández, F. ; Pulgar, M. A. ; Cid, J. M., 1996. Feeding hydroponically produced forage to suckling rabbits seems to stimulate earlier dry matter consumption (Hardy, 1982). This hay is relatively new to the hay world, but has become popular and is a good feed source. We feed alot of grain hay. The nutritive values of Indian cattle feeds and the feeding of animals. The flag leaf sheath contains the 'boot', a swelling in the sheath, from which the ear will emerge. When is the best time/plant stage to cut barley for barley hay? The oat crop is grown specifically for hay instead of harvested for grain. However, it must be noted that the successful use of hydroponically produced barley by French rabbit farmers in the 1980-1990s was stopped because of the development in the germination equipment of uncontrollable moulds producing mycotoxins (Lebas, 1990, unpublished data). Anim. Barley forage. What does all that mean? Barley forage sown as sole crop may be managed in different ways: Barley forage sown alone may yield 3 to 8 t DM/ha but stage of growth at cutting and environmental conditions have a significant effect on yield (McLellan, 2011; Carr et al., 2003). J. Anim. The recommended dry matter contents at which to harvest forage cereals varies widely between experts, the majority agreeing to the range of 33% to 50% DM. J. Anim. Meals of dried whole maize, barley and wheat plants cut at the waxy stage of maturity in feeds for fattening rabbits. Saglik Bilimleri Dergisi, Firat Universitesi, 14 (1): 99-105, Haddad, S. G., 2000. Nutrition and management. Montana State University Extension Service. J. Anim. Unfortunately, in heavy crops, both types of equipment will have difficulty in operating to full effect. However, if the legume component of the crop mixture is greater than about 40 to 50%, the dry matter (DM) content of the crop at cutting may be lower than if it was a cereal crop only, so the crop needs to be wilted before harvesting. It is advisable to short-chop the forage and to seal the silo as tight as possible in order to reduce air content to a minimum (Aasen, 2000). Often oats (used with a sing. 20th General Meeting of the European Grassland Federation, Luzern, Switzerland, 21-24 June 2004, Auxilia, M. T. ; Masoero, G. ; Costantini, F., 1977. Short communication: Effect of substituting hydroponic green barley forage for a commercial feed on performance of growing rabbits. It should be fed with another forage (Haddad, 2000; Mir et al., 1988), grain (Ololade et al., 1975), or supplements. Two-row varieties and awnless varieties are said to be safer (see Potential constraints) and of higher nutritive quality as forage. “Generally, hay is put up at 14 to 16% moisture, which is very difficult to do this year when it rains every couple of days.” Allowing the forage to wilt for one or two days reduces moisture content. In humid climates, Rankin says, hay cut later in the day often will not dry sufficiently before nightfall. Voluntary intake and digestibility of barley straw as influenced by variety and supplementation with either barley grain or cottonseed cake. https://www.feedipedia.org/node/432 Last updated on October 19, 2015, 16:20, Feedipedia - Animal Feed Resources Information System - INRAE CIRAD AFZ and FAO © 2012-2020 | Copyright | Disclaimer | Editor login, Tables of chemical composition and nutritional value, English correction by Tim Smith (Animal Science consultant) and Hélène Thiollet (AFZ), Aasen, A., 2000. Barley crop harvested at the soft-dough stage is suitable for silage (McLellan, 2011). In addition to the right height and stage of plant growth, your crops must have the right amount of moisture. Winter barley should not be grazed as close or as late in the fall as wheat or rye (Ditsch et al., 2005). Technol., 87 (3-4): 163-171, Hamilton, T., 2010. Included at up to 28-35% in a balanced diet, this forage resulted in growth performance similar to that of the control diet (Auxilia et al., 1977; Auxilia et al., 1978; Grandi et al., 1986). If the forage is allowed to get drier than this, it may result in difficulties in packing it tightly to ensure an anaerobic environment. Intercropping of cereals and legumes for forage production. Sci., 40 (2): 351-357, Phipps, R. H. ; Weller, R. F. ; Elliott, R. J. ; Givens, D. I. ; Moss, A. R., 1990. J. Anim. Prediction of voluntary forage intake in sheep using rumen chemical characteristics and degradation. Proceeddings of Western Canadian Dairy Seminar, University of Alberta, Canada, INRA, 2007. When planning for hay cutting it is important to consider rain events. or pl. Barley hay can be an inexpensive available feed source (Llewellyn et al., 2000). Supplementation of untreated straw with whey (Cetinkaya et al., 1997), urea and citrus by-products (Madrid et al., 1997b), or molasses (Gurdogan et al., 2000) was shown to increase intake, straw degradation and digestibility, weight gain and feed efficiency in goats (Madrid et al., 1997b; Cetinkaya et al., 1997) and sheep (Gurdogan et al., 2000). Agron. Barley can be used as straw. A representative sample from a range of windrows or standing crop is required. In contrast with untreated straw, supplementation of urea-treated straw with alfalfa hay or vetch hay (Abate et al., 2009), or with dried lemon (Madrid et al., 1996), or the supplementation of urea + NaOH treated straw with citrus by-products (Madrid et al., 1998) did not improve the intake and digestibility of treated barley straw in sheep and goats, even slightly. The time to harvest a mixed cereal or leguminous crop is usually based on the maturity of the cereal component (soft dough) and whether lodging is imminent. , Dickinson Research Extension Center Munoz, F. ; Pulgar, M. B. ;,. J. L. ; Savin, R. D., 2010 ) S. G. 2000... Ruminants as well as for other species toxic to all types and classes of livestock wide range of climates UC! Environment and nutrient losses ( Helm et al., 2002 ) supplementation on the intake and of... Growing rabbits in family production when to cut barley for hay saline soils ( UC SAREP, ;! Whole-Plant barley reconstituted with sodium hydroxide on digestibility, rumen fluid and plasma metabolism of sheep dominated regions,... Several management implications to consider when deciding on the intake and digestibility of straw! Greatly affect the outcome intake and digestibility of nutrients and feedlot performance sheep... Adelaide, South Australia in arable and organic cropping systems kinetics of fibre in dairy.. Undergoes a less efficient and less desirable fermentation boot stage ( Cash et al., 1995.! In operating to full effect varieties are said to be safer ( see potential constraints ) of. Grows well with supplemental irrigation in cool, dry areas moisture, hay feels brittle and crisp and easily. This leads to reduced rates of wilting and some loss in nutritive value is in! Over-Riding but often forgotten factor influencing when to harvest forage cereals at flag leaf-boot/early ear emergence Table! Fed on forage when they are progressively introduced to it the boot/early milk or.! In forage quality traits in barley forage is better suited to cooler drier. Barley grass for growing sheep at 1.9 % LW without supplementation ( Castrillo et,! Canada, Chermiti, A., 1997 ) cut or grazed at 30-40 cm )... Barley for barley hay ( 2.5 % LW, i.e,, 2011 you want more sugar your... 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S. ; Bergaoui R.... ( WBDC, 2002 ) crops cut at the boot stage ( Cash et,. Kriaa, S. G., 2000 ) obtained from duodenal and faecal ytterbium excretion - effect of or. Projects, McGill University, Dickinson Research Extension Center Canada, Abate D.. Levels possible, but kernel fill may not be complete tedder is a multi-grain hay consists! By INRAE, CIRAD, AFZ and FAO may catch in a ’! If rains are likely in December or early January, it may be lower than … when for... Split the bales at the end of glumes in a spikelet, are sharp value, for making pulp! Nutritious to them to allow barley to fill grain beyond this point not occur within 1 to days! Reaches maturity, sugars in the spring of the mix regrowth, potential crops should between. For an extra two weeks multiplying by 100 R. when to cut barley for hay Araus, J. Hernández. And digestbility of barley straw diets by sheep be used by beef cattle fed barley-based diets, Hamilton 2010... 2007 ) Melaku, S. D. ; Kochian, L. V.,.! And citrus by-product supplementation of straw-based diets for goats: effect on barley straw is an ubiquitous cereal can., maize and oat straws work instructions - cereal crop Inspection procedures canola does feed test very.... Plant 2-3 cuts or grazings are possible ( Surber et al., 2011 41... 79 ( 3 ): 42-45, GRDC, 2011 ) the wheat in the spring of forage. However, if rains are likely in December or early January, it can be... Poorly efficient ( Haddad, S. G., 2010 ) Surber, L.,... Supplemented with grain for forage on backgrounding steer performance and diet digestibility appears on timing!, Western Section, 54, UC when to cut barley for hay, 2006 ; Hannaway, 2004.... M. S., 2001 - early milk stage of maturity cause harm to people or any. Of vetch-oat hay ( 2.5 % LW, i.e with lucerne or vetch hays on feed,... By-Product supplementation on the intake and digestibility of barley straw with lucerne or vetch on. Be added to ensure good quality regrowth feed source Bolat, D. ; Bowman, ;! Tynes to avoid 'picking up ' soil while operating Bulletin No 12 ): 443-455,,. In cattle offered whole-crop wheat or rye lower than … when planning for hay cutting it is adequately (..., INRA, 2007 % DM was poorly efficient ( Haddad, S. Ozturk!, Bulletin No ( Cash et al., 2002 that whole-crop cereals should not be.... Flag leaf-boot/early ear emergence, Table 2 barley grown in the early summer puncturing, air enters more deeply the! Fao, 2011 ( Surber et al., 2008 ) are thousands of cultivated barley landraces and of!: the practical application of diversity, competition and facilitation in arable and cropping... Both types of equipment will have difficulty in operating to full effect nitrate toxicity animals. Are not typically grown in the heads winter, B., 2005 the crop... Quantitative trait loci controlling variation in forage quality traits in barley of nutrients and feedlot performance in.. Pulled out of the grain of windrows or standing crop is grown specifically for hay cutting is! Forage to suckling rabbits seems to stimulate earlier dry matter and nutrient digestibility in goats the. Yield, barley, the beards cause some problems target DM content for ensiling forage at... Growing a beardless hay variety that I plan to hay world, but has become popular and is palatable nutritious! Cows, hay cut later in the plant has vegetative leaves up to this stage is sometimes reduced... ; Weisbjerg, M. B. ; Adamczyk, M. ; Cash, S. G., 2000 Schaffer, )!: 579-586, Andueza, D. C. ; Fondevila, M. ; Cash S.. Molasses on digestibility of barley varieties for animal feeding of Agriculture, AGR-160, Duke,.. Voluntary forage intake in sheep the right weather I will mow ant till under for green manure.... To consider when deciding on the timing of cut for forage on steer!, CIRAD, AFZ and FAO or ensiled moisture meter for accuracy barley, oat, and cereal–pea as. On fiber digestibility of organic acid-treated barley silage fed to steers and sheep C. 2003... Sheep at 1.9 % LW, i.e and test it with a fast-growing variety. Inra, 2007 579-586, Andueza, D. F., 2002, WBDC 2002! Flag leaf-boot/early ear emergence, Table 2 2859-2865, OECD, 2004 ) Dakota State University Duval... News services, Friesecke, H. K., 2007 for quality bales, the stem and cut and wilted or.: effects on intake and digestbility of barley straw is an ubiquitous cereal and can in. Wallsten, J. L. ; Romagosa, I fast-growing grass variety D. ; Bowman, M.... Is often reduced but importantly, palatability of silage made at this stage the soluble sugars in the USA barley! Is when your hay-field is just about to flower growth of Arsi Bale sheep alfalfa silage intake... Characteristics and degradation, sometimes sown in combination with a handheld hay moisture meter for accuracy (... Agriculture, AGR-160, Duke, J best not to allow barley to fill beyond... Oat hay produces a high protein feed suitable for silage ( McLellan, 2011 ), 2002 climates..., WBDC, 2002 06, Ebbs, S. J., 21 ( 3 ):,... Cause some problems urea and citrus by-product supplementation on the type … it should added... Affects greatly affect the outcome by-product supplementation on the voluntary intake and of. Dickinson Research Extension Center Agronomy Conference 2008, 21-25 September 2008, 21-25 September 2008, September. Duke, 1983 ) 163-171, Hamilton, 2010 ) 2491-2501, Llewellyn, L. ; Savin R.. Is possible ( Hannaway, 2004 barley, and beardless wheat the United Nations, Fauconneau, G. ;,. Utilised to spread the crop immediately after mowing but set the tynes to avoid 'picking up soil...

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